Raising capital through private equity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2072 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? 1.3 Definitions of equity: Equity is the owners interest into the firm or business as on preferred stock or common stock. It is equal to the total assets less total liabilities it is called as the net book value or the net worth or the shareholders equity. There is a real state so there is difference between the property owners and the owners owes against that property. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Raising capital through private equity" essay for you Create order The future trading context there is a value for the for the securities in the accounts. At the going price it may be liquidate. The values of securities are deducting the margins. Preferred stock and the common stock as the ownership Interest in a firm. Equity is also called the shareholders value, book value or net worth into the company. There is fairness in law for the equity. The out standing mortgage loan is deduct from the value of the property. 1.4 Features of equity: The tem equity describe the ownership of equity ownership is represented by the share that give their holder apart or a share of a enterprise. Equity share are called from different names as the common stock in U.S and mainly ordinary shares elsewhere. Equity also includes instrument that give their holder their holder the right to subscribe for the common stock in the company at sometime in the future. Both share options issued by a company and share warrants give their holder the right. Options and warrants can be described as delayed equity because they might be used to create new equity shares. But not until in some future date. There is also a view that convertible bonds and convertible preferred stocks are equity shares of the company at a future date at a specified rate of conversion. if the holder of the convertibles exercise their right of conversion. The company must issue new ordinary shares. Many corporate treasures stock market analysts would argue that irredeemable preferred stocks is also the form of equity because they are the permanent part of permanent share capital of the company. The definition of equity is not clear cut and some securities and instruments are more properly regarded as hybrids part debt and part equity .the equity investment in accompany is represented in accounting terms within its balance sheet . equity capital is the net worth of the company consisting of its total asset less its liabilities to creditors and other providers of capital the net assets of the business. In the balance sheet equity capital is represented by the ordinary shareholders share capital at nominal price and the reserves such as the share premium accont revaluation reserves and retainrd profits accounts. How ever the accontig valuation of assets particularly fixed assets is notoriously unreliable and the equity investment in a company cannot be measured reliably by balance sheet values. 1.5 What do I need the equity capital for? If u wants to expand your business then you need money for this and which you can raise from the investors those who are agree to invest their money in your firm. Every one wants to increase the finance of his company. To raise the equity finance sometime it is very costly and expensive for the firm. The companies avoid getting loan from the financial institutes. Because there is interest on the loans are too much that are not affordable by the companies. Chapter 3 raising capital through private equity 3.1 Introduction of private equity Private equity History The private equity concept has been launched in 1946. At that time When the American institute American research and development authority decided to give confidence to the private sector. They raise equity for the soldiers of the world war 11.While the ARD had trouble inspiring any private interest in the venture ended up finish; they are major because this marked the first documented time in it is the first time in the history that an institute of this type has been introduced. Definition Private equity is in fact a very broad term, used to define types of funds or investments. The term signifies the source of the money as opposed to the form which the money takes on. As the name suggests, private equity is private, i.e.: it is not reachable in public markets, such as the stock exchange. One definition of private equity that is in use is Investing in no-publicly held securities through a negotiated process, (Banc 2004).This definition is fairly descriptive in that it becomes clear that the process is indeed negotiated; the return on the investment varies and the proportion of the companys profits that the investor keeps is arranged between the investor and the enterprise. The Indian Case The private equity is recently introduced in india if we see back in preveious century 90s decade. There is boom, boom on private equity in 1990s with corporations spend (and receiving huge amount for them) with their funds. In the last years In recent years, there has been a revival of these firm, within india there is boom on the firms of india infrastructure and sciences, real and infrastructure growth up these days in india. such as Warburg Pincers which works globaly, Blackstone and the Carlyle Group also workls in india while Indian pl gamers like ChrysCapital and ICICI Venture also have a great presence. equity 3.2 categories of private equity: 3.2.1 Leveraged buyout: drawing of the fundamental structure of a basic leveraged buyout transaction. Leveraged buyout, BO or Buyout refers to a strategy of creation equity funds as element of a transaction in which, business or commerce unit a company assets is purchased from the existing Shareholders normally with the use of financial leverage. The enterprises interested in tis type of transactions these companies are ,mature an The companies mixed up in such Transactions are usually mature and make operating cash flows. In leveraged buyout a sponsor is involve to sponsored for acquiring the business with out committing to invest all the capital for the acquisition of business . . for doing this, the sponsor will move up Acquisition debt which finally looks to the cash flows of the acquirement target to make Principal payments and interest Acquisition debt is given to sponsor who has financed in business and there is no grantee of investment invested by the sponsors. . In all that this structure is attractive to the investors who have limited funds and not spend more than this. Greatly warning the degree of choice of that leverage, allowing them the benefits of leverage. There are two types of this kind of finance and those are much important for us. (1) The sponsor also not want to more on the acquisition of asset he does not pay more than the debt (2) The returns of the investor is more than that of the cost of debt. the amount of debt used for transaction costs vary according to the financial circumstance and market situation history of the achievement target,. As a percentage of the purchase price for a leverage buyout target, s, the willingness of lenders to expand credit (both to the LBOsfinancia sponsors and the business to be purchase)as such the liabilities and the interest of the company cover all debt costs . Historically the portion of the debt LBO will vary from 50%-80% 3.2.2 VETURE CAPITAL: venture capital is yh subheading of private equity and it is only used in less mature fir,ms, for the open, expansion and early development, of business it is mmostly used in nrw firms those which are at their initial stage , new products and new marketing concepts venture capital fund is expand the business these funds are required at the launching of the business and more ofenly used at the initially stage of the firm . this is used for the expansion of business venture capital provide the funds to the business. So the venture capital is used motly and are also expensve for business. So it is the big drawback of it. Entrepreneurs often require considerable capital during the Shaping stages of their business life cycles. For the developing of products and ideas that Many entrepreneurs do not have adequate funds. To funding projects themselves, and they must therefore look for outside financing .The venture Capitalists need to distribute high returns to reimburse for the risk of these savings makes Venture funding an costly capital resource for companies. Venture capital is most appropriate for Businesses with huge up-front capital necessities which cannot be financed by cheaper substitute such as debt. Although venture capital is habitually most closely related with fast- Growing technology biotechnology, and fields, venture financial support has been used for other more conventional businesses 3.2.3 CAPITA GROWTH: Most often marginal investments capital refers to equity investments, that are looking for restructure operations, capital to expand, finance a chief acquirement without a change of control or in relatively mature companies enter into new markets or of the business. These corporations are likely to be much more mature than venture capital funded Companies, citation required business that seek development capital will often do so in order to finance a transformational even tin their life cycle. Growth capital can also be used to affect a reformation of a corporations balance sheet, for reducing the cost the company has its own balance sheet. Any company able to generate the funds according to its need and for the acquisition of the assets also for the expansion of business. Investments are usually made in the shape of convertible e or preferred security 3.2.4 DISTRESSED AND SPECIAL SITUATION: Securities of fiscally stressed corporations. Distressed or Special Situations is a waste topic for the spending of business The distressed category encompasses two Broad sub-strategies including: The distressed strategies has two sub types loan for own strategies or how to control the distressed situation. the companies acquire debt through this the securities may merge. Beyond the private equity strategies the private equity has also hedge funds which has a variety of distressed funds or investment strategies. 3.2.5 MEZZENINE: Mezzanine capital or Preferred equity securities refers to subordinated debt that often represents which are enable to access the high yield market that are often used by smaller companies , allows the most junior fraction of a companys capital structure that is senior to the companys common equity. Equity capital required to finance major expansion or leveraged buyout . this kind of loan is provided by banks and the companies want a big return against the loans than other senior lenders. 3.2.6 SECONDARIES: The investment which is made in the existing equity asset is called the secondariesthese transaction invovlve the portfolio of direct investment or the interest sale of private equity the acquisition of invest for the existin business units. The private equity is more liquid than the other long term loans . investors has the capability to grown up the vintage diversification secondaries are experienced class from the different cash flows many big corporation acquire private equity for the business and these transactions are made through third parties private equity funds are raise through these methods. 3.2.7 OTHER STRATEGEIS: Other strategies that can be considered a close adjacent market or private equity include Real Estate: Private equity will typically refer to the riskier end of the investment spectrum including opportunity funds and value added where the investments frequently more closely resemble leveraged buyout than traditional real estate investments. Real estate to be a separate asset class is considered by the certain investors in private equity. Infrastructure: the investments in a variety of public works ,that are made typically as part of a privatization initiative on the part of a government entity (e.g., public transportation, bridges, toll roads, tunnels, airports, and other public works). . 3.2.8 Private equity funds: This section needs additional citation s for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unisource material may becalm l edged and Removed. (August 2009) Private equity fundraising refers to the action of private equity firms seeking capital from Investors for their funds. Typically an investor will invest in a specific fund managed by a firm, average fund. In 2005here were 25 investors in the average private equity fund, this figure has Now grown-up to 52 according to reign ltd. (formerly known as Private Equity Intelligence). The managers of private equity funds will also invest in their own vehicles, classically providing Between 1-4% of often private equity finance managers will employ the services of outdoor fundraising teams. known as placement negotiator in order to raise capital for their business.

1 What Problems Did Enron EncounteredMany - 1303 Words

1. What problems did Enron encountered? Many went sour in the early months of 2001 as Enron’s stock price and debt rating imploded because of loss of investor and creditor trust Methods the company used to disclose (or creatively obscure) it’s complicated financial dealings were erroneous and, in the view of some, downright deceptive The company’s lack of transparency in reporting its financial affairs, followed by financial restatements disclosing billions of dollars of omitted liabilities and losses, contributed to its demise 2. How did the management react? Enron did not report debt on its balance sheet. Through collaboration with major banks, SPEs borrowed money, often with direct or indirect guarantees from Enron. The cash was†¦show more content†¦When similar transactions cannot be identified and active markets do not exist, the auditor has the unsolvable problem of finding a way to know the intent of the party controlling the transaction. 4. How did they react? The Enron implosion has wreaked more havoc on the accounting profession than any other case in U.S. history. Critics in the media, Congress and elsewhere are calling into question not only the adequacy of U.S. disclosure practices but also the integrity of the independent audit process. The general public still questions how CPA firms can maintain audit independence while at the same time engaging in consulting work, often for fees that dwarf those of the audit. The CEOs of the Big Five accounting firms made a joint statement on December 4 committing to develop improved guidance on disclosure of related party transactions, SPEs and market risks for derivatives including energy contracts for the 2001 reporting period. In addition, the Big Five called for modernization of the financial reporting system in the United States to make it more timely and relevant, including more nonfinancial information on entity performance. 5. Give your opinion in the case. For me, it is so disappointing that everyone in Enron was in on the scam including the top management, directors, internal and external

Two Old Women, by Velma Wallis Essay - 966 Words

The world is filled with many different types of societies and cultures. This is due to the fact that many people share dissimilar beliefs and ideas, as well as diverse ways of life. People lived under different circumstances and stipulations, therefore forming cultures and societies with ideas they formulated, themselves. These two factors, society and culture, are what motivate people to execute the things that they do. Many times, however, society and culture can cause downgrading effects to an assemblage if ever it is corrupt or prejudiced. Society and culture not only influences the emotions individuals have toward things like age differences, religion, power, and equality but also the actions they perform as a result. People of†¦show more content†¦The laws that one society has may only support one type of religion as another may support a different one. When cultures intertwine and mix, varied feelings will be felt and unpleasant actions may be the outcome from them. Take the story of Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, for example. In the story, the Ibo people were living in harmony and went about their daily routines until the English men arrived and damaged everything. They brought a new religion, Christianity, which had completely different concepts than the one that the Ibo tribe had been following. Many converted and chose to join the world of the Christians while the others stayed loyal to their culture. â€Å"He went back to the church†¦ He would return later to his mother and his brothers and sisters and convert them to the new faith† (Achebe152). Nwoye was allured to this new way of life showed to them, and as an outcome, he joined the English men. By the end of this story, the whole Ibo culture was obliterated and destroyed. Their way of life became but a memory in the history of the world. Culture cannot only change the views one has on religion, but it can also destroy that faith. The way a society is run and how things are enforced also can cause negative feelings towards power. It can cause many to rebel if they feel that a leader has too much control, and it can also make people covet and desire such strength leaders have. In Julius Caesar, CassiusShow MoreRelatedLiterary Terms3784 Words   |  16 PagesRumpelstiltskin. Example: I have seen my head . . . brought in upon a platter is an allusion to the execution of St. John the Baptist. Example: In the room women come and go, talking of Michelangelo is an allusion the famous artist Michelangelo. Example: No, I am not Prince Hamlet is an allusion to Shakespeares play, Hamlet. Please write two sentences, each of which uses an allusion. the allusion and then share with a neighbor. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________Read MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesIncludes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-513376-5 1. Rastafari movement. 2. Jamaica—Religious life and customs. I. Title. BL2532.R37 E36 2002 299†².676—dc21 2002074897 v To Donnaree, my wife, and Donnisa, my daughter, the two persons around whom my life revolves; and to the ancestors whose struggles have enabled us to survive and thrive This page intentionally left blank Foreword One of the most useful things about Ennis Edmondss Rastafari: From Outcasts to Culture

The Issue Of Black Slavery - 906 Words

The issue of black slavery has been a thorny issue in the American society for so many years. The history of black slavery dates back to the time after the United States attained its independence and continued until just before the American civil war. Black slavery was made possible by the American constitution that made it legal for the white people to own black slaves. Slave trade ensured a constant supply of slaves from the African continent with the most affected part being West Africa. Hence, a great number of black people got to the United States of America to serve as slaves in farms owned by the white people. The whole process of black slavery has since caused a lot of things to happen in the United States of America (Koger 56). The desperate situations that the black slaves encountered have since been recorded by historians and writers. Many books have been written on the experiences of the black slaves in the United States of America. 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Mombassa free essay sample

Mombasa’s history dates back to the 16th century, and it has been ruled by the Portuguese, Arabs and British-which have all influenced the town’s culture and the attractions that still exist including historical ruins such as Fort Jesus and the Old Town. Fort Jesus remains the biggest remnant of Mombasa’s history when it was dominated by the Portuguese. Fort Jesus still contains cells where the slaves were held, and various artifacts from that era in the museum at the Fort. In addition to the evidence in the Fort, there also is a town bell located in Nyali just as you exit the Nyali Bridge. The bell was rung to inform the locals to hide from the slave capturers who were fast approaching. A walk through the narrow winding streets of Old Town can also provide a sense of daily life several hundred years ago. Old Town takes visitors back through time to illustrate facets of early Swahili culture, influenced by the presence of the Omani Arabs in the town. We will write a custom essay sample on Mombassa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In tandem with Muslim-influenced architecture, one can find traces of the Indian and British colonial past. Many houses in the Old Town are modeled on ancient Swahili designs, of which a defining feature tends to doors with intricately carved designs. Some of these designs are also found on the furniture in upscale hotels. A walk through Old Town can yield some fascinating insights into the traditional Swahili culture, and clearly illustrate the Muslim influence on the town and its inhabitants. Colonial buildings from the British era are also scattered throughout the city. The famous â€Å"Mombasa Tusks† are located in the centre of town – the two pairs of crossed tusks formed a ceremonial arch to commemorate the coronation of Elizabeth II in 1953 II. Economic Analysis Mombasa is a major trade centre and home to Kenyas only large seaport, the Kilindini Harbor. Kilindini is an old Swahili term meaning deep. The port is so called because the channel is naturally very deep. Kilindini Harbor is an example of a natural geographic phenomenon called a ria, formed millions of years ago when the sea level rose and engulfed a river that was flowing from the mainland. Mombasa is the centre of coastal tourism in Kenya. Mombasa Island itself is not a main attraction, although many people visit the Old Town and Fort Jesus. Mombasas northern shoreline is renowned for its vibrant 24-hour entertainment offers, including both family entertainment (water parks, cinemas, bowling, etc. , sports (water sports, mountain biking and go karting), culinary offers (restaurants offering a wide range of specialties from Kenya, China, Japan, India, Italy, Germany and other countries) and night life(bars, pubs, clubs, discotheques, etc). Other local industries include an oil refinery and the Bamburi Cement factory. The major intercontinental undersea telecom cables reach shore next to Mombasa, connecting East Africa to the rest of the world and supporting a fast-growing call centre business in the area. Economic summary GDP: $17. 43 billion (2005) at Market Price. $ 41. 6 billion (Purchasing Power Parity, 2006), There exists an informal economy that is never counted as part of the official GDP figures. Annual growth rate: 5. 8% (2005): 2006 = 6. 1% Per capita income: Per Capita Income (PPP) = $1,200 Natural resources: Wildlife, land (5% arable) Agricultural produce : tea, coffee, sugarcane, horticultural products, corn, wheat, rice, sisal, pineapples, pyrethrum, dairy products, meat and meat products, hides, skins Industry :petroleum products, grain and sugar milling, cement, beer, soft drinks, textiles, vehicle assembly, paper and light manufacturing, tourism III. Market Audit and Competitive Market Analysis I. Introduction The coastal city of Mombasa is one of Africa’s major tourist destinations, with some of the best beaches in the world. Located on Kenya’s Eastern coastline bordering the Indian Ocean, Mombasa has become popular for its exotic beaches, diverse marine life, world-class hotels and friendly people. Mombasa has undoubtedly one of the best white sandy beaches in Africa. The warm waters of the Indian Ocean cater to all types of tourists: those looking for a quiet swim, a place for kids to play, deep-sea fishing, and water sports activities such as scuba diving and sailing. In addition to its beautiful beaches, Mombasa offers a diverse cultural history. The City traces many of its cultural traditions to former Portuguese, Arab and British settlers – all of which have left a lasting influence on the City’s food, architecture, and people. Tours of the town, safaris in game parks, and camping trips can all be included in your vacation plan. Nightlife in Mombasa is always exciting, and the City offers many dance clubs and casinos that cater to a variety of entertainment tastes. Or, you can always catch a movie at the cinema, go bowling, or grab a drink at the local pub. Mombasa is also home to a variety of different languages, the most common being Swahili and English. Most visitors – particularly those who speak German, French, or Dutch – will also have no problems communicating in the City. There is diversity in the cuisine available to visitors, including a host of quality restaurants offering everything from British, Chinese, Indian and Italian cuisine, to a variety of local and traditional Kenyan dishes. Given its ocean-side location, seafood options are abundant and outstanding and can often be eaten within a couple of hours of being caught. II. The product Launch of VIVANTA Hotels and Resorts by Taj in Mombasa About the Group Vivanta by Taj Hotels Resorts span options for the work-hard-play-hard traveler across metropolitan cities, other commercially important centers as well as some of the best-loved vacation spots. Stylish sophisticated, Vivanta by Taj delivers premium hotel experiences with imagination, energy efficiency. Its the flavor of contemporary luxury, laced with cool informality and the charming Taj hospitality. Vivanta revels in a spirit that presents the normal with an unexpected twist. Experiences which make you pause appreciate the hidden beauty in life! It challenges your expectations of a hotel and unfolds multiple layers of delight. Innovative cuisine concepts, the smart use of technology the challenge to constantly engage, energize and relax you all add up to make Vivanta by Taj the new signature in hospitality. III. The market International Tourism Arrivals to 2020 Source: UNWTO, Global Forecasts and Profiles of Market Segments (Madrid: World Tourism Organization, 2001). p. 3. The UNWTO forecasts that international arrivals are expected to reach nearly 1. 6 billion by the year 2020. Of the worldwide arrivals in 2020, 1. 2 billion are projected to be intraregional and 378 million to be long-haul travelers. The total tourist arrivals by region show that in 2020 the top three receiving regions will be Europe (717 million tourist arrivals), East Asia and the Pacific (397 million) and the Americas (282 million), followed by Africa, the Middle East and South Asia. Although Europe and North America remain the top destinations in international travel, representing about 65% of all international tourist arrivals, these more mature regions are anticipated to show lower than average growth rates. Europe will maintain the highest share of world arrivals, although there will be a decline from 60% in 1995 to 46% in 2020. East Asia and the Pacific, Asia, the Middle East and Africa, on the other hand are forecast to record growth rates of over 5% per year, compared to the world average of 4. 1%. In addition, the more resource-intensive type of travel, long-haul, is predicted to grow even faster worldwide, at 5. 4% per year over the period 1995-2020, while intra-regional travel is projected to grow at 3. 8%. Table of International Arrivals Forecasts Source: UNWTO, Global Forecasts and Profiles of Market Segments (Madrid: World Tourism Organization, 2001), p. 4. Within this picture, two other tourism trends are particularly important: the role of ‘baby boomers’ in the U. S. and other developed countries, and the emergence of China as a major actor in tourism. More than ever before, the baby boomer generation (those born between 1946 and 1964)18 is traveling, investing, and living overseas. According to the AARP, two times more baby boomers are traveling than 20 years ago. Some four million (non-military) Americans are living overseas, and 442,000 of these are receiving their social security checks abroad. 19 Several countries in Central America, including Costa Rica, Panama and Belize, have special laws given tax and import duty breaks to attract foreign retirees who chose to live there. Baby boomers will be a particularly potent factor as second home sales continue to increase in parallel with the number of retirees from America and Europe. The retiring baby boomers are driving an explosion of new condominium and vacation home construction in Mexico and Central America, as well as parts of the Mediterranean. The ecological and cultural footprint of vacation homes and expatriate communities can overwhelm local resources and populations Typical retail outlets: In the heart of the town is where most hospitals, businesses, banks, shops and markets are situated. Hence almost all services such as health advice, financial services, or any kind of shopping, are all provided for in the City. There are four main hospitals around the City centre, with many smaller clinics located all around the town and its outskirts. They are the Mombasa hospital, Aga Khan hospital, Pandya Memorial hospital and Coast General hospital. Most hotels have resident doctors and nurses. Financial institutions are located in abundance throughout the center of the town. Barclays Bank, Standard Chartered, and ABN-AMBRO are a few of such banks that can be found. Many other internationally-based banks also have their branches in Mombasa. Foreign exchange bureaus are also available and offer attractive exchange rates for all currencies The Product: â€Å"Vivanta by Taj- Sea Shell†. A fresh new way to holiday Quick Peek Vivanta By Taj Sea shell, Mombassa has all the exotic ocean views and dramatic sunsets that are de rigueur for any tropical holiday. The twist comes when you step into your villa and instead of the usual beach dcor, find a streamlined, sophisticated take on resort accommodations. Vivanta by Taj has revamped the resort experience from stem to stern and offers the ideal escape at a stunning value proposition. Divers, beach bunnies, and honeymooners we welcome you at Vivanta by Taj Sea Shell. The resort is a divers dream destination with numerous diving sites and its very own reef and shipwreck to explore. For those that prefer to stay on land, the view of the lagoon dotted with water villas is hypnotic. No matter where you travelled from, your world is about to become filled with white sand and magnificent coconut palms. Let Vivanta by Taj introduce you to bliss. Retreat: Relax. Refresh This trip to the beach will be elegant yet rustic. Vivanta by Taj believes in watching sunsets in style. The newly redesigned accommodation at Vivanta by Taj Sea Shell is modern and spacious. Guests can choose Superior Charm or Deluxe Delight thatched Beach Villas with large beachside porticos, Premium Indulgence Water Villas, with private decks looking out to the lagoon and Presidential Nirvana Beach Suites with private outdoor plunge pool and sun deck. Suite guests are treated to personalized butler service. All offer unrivalled views of the sea and outdoor shower areas for private relaxation. Vivanta by Taj Sea Shell offers high-tech connectivity with a view. Each Villa is equipped with a fully integrated, LCD TV, home theatre surround sound system with an iPod docker and high speed Internet. Get away from it all or stay plugged in. Its up to you. Very modern. Very in. Fine tune the way you want to stay. Make the most. Without a doubt, the Villas are amazing, but if you dont take advantage of our other experiences youre only sampling part of the Vivanta by Taj – Sea Shell experience. Our amazing excursions, Jiva Spa, infinity pool and persuasive leisure options are simply too special to be missed. Take us up on our offerings and enjoy the full spectrum of brilliant possibilities. Get the whole experience in all. WORK PLAY 1)Excursions Delicious cuisine. Uninterrupted, panoramic views. Total privacy. And yet, there is an entire Island to explore. When you are ready to venture beyond this haven of peace and tranquility, Vivanta by Taj – Sea Shell offers a diverse range of escapes and experiences. The excursions below have been carefully selected for certain fixed days and times of the week to be able to provide the best possible experience for our guests. 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Strength-Based Nursing and Healthcare for Emma Gee - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theStrength-Based Nursing and Healthcare for Emma Gee. Answer: This discussion looks at the life of Emma Gee and the relevance of implementing a Strengths-Based Nursing (SBN) plan in her healthcare as she struggled to recover from a stroke. Emma Gee was an energetic young therapist whose life was turned around after suffering a stroke. Due to the presence of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM), doctors scheduled a brain surgery for Emma. It was during the high-risk surgery procedure that Emma developed complications and suffered a stroke. Doctors immediately put Emma into an induced coma after the surgery. She later woke up unable to move or even speak. Through nursing and healthcare efforts from Dalcross Hospital, Royal Talbot Rehabilitation Centre and her family, Emma was able to recover and she is now a renowned motivational speaker and occupational theapist.The discussion looks at Emmas healthcare experiences after she regained consciousness and during her rehabilitation. Based on her experiences, the discusion suggests how implementing a St renths-Based Nursing and Healthcare approach could have made a difference in Emmas recovery. Overview of Strengths-Based Principles Strength-based nursing and health care (SBNC) is an approach that aims to create conditions whereby patients experience healing in their lifespan through the promotion of health and optimisation of their wellbeing and functioning. SBNC is about discovering, uncovering, understanding, and releasing social, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and biological strengths to meet healthcare and personal goals while dealing with the challenges. SBN is based on the guiding principles of collaborative partnership, relational care, empowerment and movement, person and family-centered care, and holistic care (Gottlieb, Gottlieb and Shamian, 2012). These principles provide hope, self-efficacy, and empowerment. It means that there should be a collaboration between the healthcare team and the patient while empowering him/her and the family to find meaning and attain their objectives. It also requires the health care team to understand the individual in whole by facilitating personalized care, holistic ca re, and whole-person nursing care.The principles aim to ensure the affected individual is responsible and takes charge of his or her healing and recovery process. Gottlieb (2012) outlined eight values that underly SBN. These include self-determination, person and environment are integral, subject reality and created meaning, holism, and embodiment, uniqueness, health and healing, collaborative partnership, learning, timing, and readiness. According to Gottlieb (2012), practicing a SBN model of health care promotes the quality of life, health behaviors, and brings hope to stroke survivors such as Emma Gee. It is especially important in Australias healthcare system whereby there are over 440,000 Australians directly affected by the effects of stroke (Rosamond et al., 2008). The National Stroke Foundation which is among the leading stroke support group in Australia approximates that over $44 million is needed to tackle the effects of stroke over a four year period. Implementation of Strengths-Based Nursing in Emmas case This discussion looks at a case study on Emma Gee and investigates on the most appropriate ways in which a SBNC approach could have been implemented to assist Emma during her journey after suffering a life-changing stroke. After suffering a stroke at such a young age, Emma faced a lot of challenges in her new way of life. Being an active girl as evidenced by her various outdoor activities such as running and netball, Emma was devastated after the stroke and she had to accept her new reality. While in the induced coma, after regaining consciousness, during her rehabilitation, and in her integration back to the community, Emma had various health care needs. Implementing a SBN approach during her recovery journey could have greatly impacted the healthcare outcome and facilitated her wholesome recovery. Most importantly, a SBNC approach would have empowered and ensured collaboration between Emma, her family, and her healtcare providers. There are various challenges Emma encountered in he r journey that could have been better addressed using a SBN model. These challenges range from dysphagia, balance and mobility complications, loneliness, environmental irritation, dysarthria, double incontinence, societal issues, to dependency. Furthermore, it is important to empower patients and ensure that they participate in their well being by involving them in decisin making activities. Relationships In Nursing Practice SBNC provides a guidance framework for nurses and other healthcare professionals. It facilitates the expansion of a nurses imaginary horizon and the providence of innovative solutions that solve long-term health care problems. While delivering medical services, healthcare professionals should have put themselves in Emmas shoes. It would have ensured they understand what she went through physically, mentally, emotionally, and even spiritually (Kobau et al., 2011). According to Lietz (2007), SBNC broadens healthcare focus to include the well being, quality of life, healing and health of the whole person. It encourages a shift from analyzing the outcomes of health care as assessed by health practitioners to focusing on client-based outcomes. It is all about patients and the health care system combining effort to get the most of what is both meaningful and important to them.Such an approach would ensure the suffering experienced by stroke victims is minimised. While in hospital, Emma exp erienced double incontinence meaning she had lost control of her bowels and therefore needed to use a catheter. The nurses showed little or no empathy for her as evidenced by how they treated and acted towards her care. Emma even often felt embarrassed by the situation. Involving her parents or sister in cleaning up Emma would have made her feel more comfortable. Collaboration between her family and the nurses would have ensured Emma recovered from this stage of her journey in a personalized manner. Generally, nurses should have taken a personalized approach aimed at empowering Emma while collaborating with her family. Transition Points When formulating a SBN care plan, it is crucial to involve the patients, their families, and carers to facilitate procedures, clear health care expectations, investigations, and discharge of the patients in a collaborative manner. This helps in empowering the patient and helping him/her take charge of their recovery. A strength-based nursing care plan must consider verbal communication with the patient and family, previous documentation on the patient, clinical handover, and an assessment of the patient. Regaining Consciousness This discussion presents a SBN care plan following Emma regaining consciousness and focuses on collaboration between Emma, her family and other healthcare professionals involved in Emmas case. For clinical documentation of Emmas case, the study will adopt a multidisciplinary team approach and a SOAP framework to provide collaborated health care and communicate information on Emmas progress to everyone invested in her recovery (Donohoe, 2015).After Emma regained consciousness, she faced various deficits such as trouble swallowing, vertigo, double incontinence, diplopia, left-side paralysis, right-side facial paralysis, mobility and balance issues among others. To facilitate her recovery, it is crucial to implement a SBN care plan that propagates collaboration between Emma, her family and healthcare professionals. The first step in developing the SBN care plan is to assess existing medical and personal information on Emma. It includes her emotional, social, family, mental, and physical history. To help her successfully transition and recover after the coma, it is important to determine and understand the factors surrounding her current condition. The next step of the care plan would be to observe the real-time progress of Emma. It includes Emmas current condition such as her inability to swallow food. Through collaboration between Emma, her family members and the multidisciplinary team consisting of nurses under the guidance of a speech therapist, Emmas situation can be analyzed, and appropriate interventions applied. This care plan would encompass educating and involving Emmas family in assisting her with her swallowing complications. The outcome of the procedure would then be analyzed, and appropriate changes implemented based on Emmas response to the intervention. Aside from educating and sensitizing them on the importance of collaborative healthcare approach, Emmas family would constantly be updated on her progress and response. The care plan would further en sure that Emmas family are consulted before, and present during any landmark decisions and progress on Emmas recovery journey in the hospital. Rehabilitation SBN practices during a patients rehabilitation should be geared towards helping the patient bounce back from their unfortunate scenario. A SBN care plan for Emma while at the Royal Talbot Rehabilitation Centre should have been focussed on empowerng Emma to take active part in her rehabilitation process. It was the responsibility of the nurses and Emmas parents to work together with Emma and give her the motivation she needed. Under a SBN care plan, Emmas nurses such as Fran, should have used a person-centered approach while rehabilitating Emma. A SBN care plan would include a multidisciplinary team comprised of nurses and specialists to help in the therapy process of Emma. This team would focus on making Emma feel valued in order to motivate and empower her to perform. The care plan would follow a carefully formulated therapy scheduleas determined by the input of Emma, her parents and the therapists at Talbot. It is also important to ensure patients are rehabilitated in a condusive e nvironment. Unlike the brisk and careless attitude experienced at Talbot, a warm and nurturing approach to give Emma a sense of belonging would have been better suited to Emmas situation. Such an environment would foster a feeling of comfort synonymous with having a family. Emma often felt dependent and powerless as a result off the care plan practiced at Talbot. This only made Emma feel vulnerable instead of empowered. Emmas family and friends clearly supported her as evidenced in their unannouced visits and even the RUN to GEE fundraiser to support Talbot. This kind of support compliments a SBN care plan by fuelling the recovery of a patient. Reflection of Emmas Experience Although Emma had caring parents and an identical twin sister who understood her, she felt lonely and sad while in admitted in the hospital, during rehabilitation and even after being integrated back into the community. The best approach would have been to sensitize her family and friends on the importance of communal support in facilitating the recovery process of a stroke victim (Wells et al., 2014). Emma needed to be emotionally motivated and supported to ensure her quick recovery, health, and quality of life. It is important to have a sense of belonging and a hand to help you through such a difficult time (Havens, Wood and Leeman, 2006). It was of grave importance for her family and friends to be actively involved in her recovery by visiting her a frequent as possible and showing her that they cared and supported her along her journey. Knowing she had the support of her family and medical staff would have fostered resilience in Emma throughout her recovery journey. Before the unfortunate incident, Emma had been fond of food and cuisines as seen in her association of family time and visitors with food and other gifts.It however, took a negative turn since she started showing symptoms that were later diagnosed as an Arteriovenous malformation (AVM). The situation only worsened when she suffered a stroke and upon gaining consciousness, experienced dysphagia. Due to the difficulties faced by Emma while trying to swallow food, tubes were shoved down her throat to help her. During her recovery process in the hospital, Emmas speech therapist taught her feeders to encourage the food downwards by stroking her neck although Emma found the idea quite unpleasant. By facilitating a SBN approach focused on empowering Emma while ensuring family involvement, it would have been more prudent to involve Emmas parents or sister in this particular process. By providing her with the understanding yet familiar touch of her family, Emma would have been more comfortabl e. This familiarity coupled with her evident determination to recover and return to normal eating habits would have benefitted both Emmas well being and functioning. Emma was greatly disturbed by sound and visual irritations. Her communication and mobility challenges made it hard for her to do anything about these irritations. It is important for health facilities to incorporate a holistic approach to their health care services. Such an approach would ensure the outcome of the health services focus on the patient and his family by considering all their needs. By proving a conducive environment, hospitals and rehabilitation facilities enhance a patients quality of life. In Emmas case, the hospital admitting her should have ensured the hospital facility and the rooms of sensitive patients such as Emma are located in a secure location with minimum irritants. Due to dysarthria developed as a result of the stroke, Emma had difficulties in communicating and the people around could not understand her. This challenge plagued her both in the medical facilities and in the community. While in hospital, it would have been pivotal if all concerned parties collectively participated in Emmas speech and mobility therapy.It would have encouraged self-dependency in Emma by motivating her. Their collaboration would make it easier and faster to understand Emmas communication attempts. While back in the community, Emma found it difficult to relay information to others effectively and she was even occasionally misunderstood. Such scenarios could have been mitigated by the use of a SBNC approach that sensitized the community on how to take care of stroke patients. Additionally, Emmas family would be able to accompany her at times and help her around. The outcome of this approach will be a community that is united in the health and general well being of stro ke victims. Promotion of self-efficacy is among the main principles underlying SBNC. Individuals under SBNC need to be self-dependent and in control certain aspects of their health and healing process Family and health care professionals play a great part in eliciting positivity and self-efficacy in a patient. This was however not the case in Emmas journey. Emma frequently felt dependent on the medical staff for her day to day routine activities to a point she felt helpless and that the health professionals dominated her life. This feeling of dependence manifested itself even after she was released from hospital whereby she felt useless in her parents house. Her twin sister further reminded Emma of the life she had before she suffered the stroke. The society must also be involved in supporting stroke patients. Incidences such as people directing piercing looks or avoiding Emma in the pool should be mitigated to cultivate self-confidence. An effective SBNC approach would ensure that those around Emma such as the nurses, her family, and other people in the community elicit positivity. This positive attitude would, in turn, reflect on Emma and give her an inner drive to take charge and responsibility of her health and healing journey (Resnick, 2011). Conclusion In conclusion, it is important to ensure the individuals have a sense of purpose and are adequately empowered to make their own decisions.SBN can help achieve patient and family empowerment, health promotion, and partnerships in Australian healthcare by facilitating a healthcare system in which the community is actively involved and sensitive to patients and their needs. SBN considers the resources and strengths possessed by the individual and his family and uses these strengths to alleviate the existing deficits and problems. Organizations such as the Borrondara Stroke Support Group (BSSG) and the National Stroke Foundation enhance strength-based care in Australia through their various events and activities. These interventions collectively work to promote the well being of stroke patients, enhancing their resilience, and softening their suffering. SBNs guiding principles of collaborative partnership, relational care, empowerment and movement, person and family-centered care, and ho listic care provide hope, partnership, self-efficacy and empowerment to stroke victims in Australia. References Donohoe, J., 2015. Implementing an Education Programme and SOAP Notes Framework to Improve Nursing Documentation. Enable Me. (2017). View blog post. [online] Available at: https://enableme.org.au/Users/Profile/My-Blogs/View-Blog?blogId=bdb81b99-54ea-454f-b675-38dbeffe6730 [Accessed 16 Oct. 2017]. Gandolfi, M., Smania, N., Bisoffi, G., Squaquara, T., Zuccher, P. and Mazzucco, S., 2014. Improving post-stroke dysphagia outcomes through a standardized and multidisciplinary protocol: an exploratory cohort study.Dysphagia,29(6), pp.704-712. Gee, E. (2017). Reinventing Emma Gee: the inspirational story of a young stroke survivor. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/good-weekend/reinventing-emma-gee-the-inspirational-story-of-a-young-stroke-survivor-20160225-gn3gtf.html [Accessed 16 Oct. 2017]. Gottlieb, L.N., 2012.Strengths-based nursing care: Health and healing for person and family. Springer Publishing Company. Gottlieb, L.N., Gottlieb, B. and Shamian, J., 2012. Principles of strengths-based nursing leadership for strengths-based nursing care: A new paradigm for nursing and healthcare for the 21st century.Nursing Leadership,25(2), pp.38-50. Havens, D.S., Wood, S.O. and Leeman, J., 2006. Improving nursing practice and patient care: Building capacity with appreciative inquiry.Journal of Nursing Administration,36(10), pp.463-470. Heraldsun.com.au. (2017). Its a national emergency. [online] Available at: https://www.heraldsun.com.au/leader/inner-east/stoke-victim-emma-gee-and-national-stroke-foundation-campaign-for-funding/news-story/6c407833ddbecb3c3a48ee980e157f52?nk=f912a35e21d1840990b886ac7098c437-1508130786 [Accessed 16 Oct. 2017]. Hope 103.2. (2017).Recovering From A Stroke At Age 24 - Emma's Story Of Courage Hope 103.2. [online] Available at: https://hope1032.com.au/stories/life/inspirational-stories/2016/recovering-from-stroke-young-age-24-emmas-story/ [Accessed 16 Oct. 2017]. Kobau, R., Seligman, M.E., Peterson, C., Diener, E., Zack, M.M., Chapman, D. and Thompson, W., 2011. Mental health promotion in public health: Perspectives and strategies from positive psychology.American journal of public health,101(8), pp.e1-e9. Lietz, C.A., 2007. Strengths-based group practice: Three case studies.Social Work with Groups,30(2), pp.73-87. Melbourne, T. (2017). Clinical Guidelines (Nursing) : Nursing documentation. [online] Rch.org.au. Available at: https://www.rch.org.au/rchcpg/hospital_clinical_guideline_index/Nursing_documentation/ [Accessed 16 Oct. 2017]. Resnick, B., 2011. The relationship between resilience and motivation. InResilience in Aging(pp. 199-215). Springer New York. Rosamond, W., Flegal, K., Furie, K., Go, A., Greenlund, K., Haase, N., Hailpern, S.M., Ho, M., Howard, V., Kissela, B. and Kittner, S., 2008. Heart disease and stroke statistics2008 update.Circulation,117(4), pp.e25-e146. Wells, G., Shields, L., Hauck, Y. and Bennett, E., 2014. Do we make a difference?: Parents' and nurses' experiences of using a strengths-based, solution-focused approach to care.Australian Journal of Child and Family Health Nursing,11(2), p.5.