Debit Logic and Risk Essay Example

Debit Logic and Risk Paper When any organization requires a debt, the organization has to first judge its own position, and there may be deals with the supplier to get a deal that will satisfy everybody. (Considering Alternatives to Bankruptcy) This is not possible when the supplier is a large organization, but it is always worth a try. The next alternative is to try to reduce the payments to a level where the hospital may pay without any difficulties, and some organizations may accept this considering that it is a method through which they will be able to service their own judgment of their social obligations at the cost of the profits on which they will have to pay out a large share as taxes to the government any way. For all these methods to be tried it is better to have associates with the organization who have gone on this route before and would like to do it again as a social service. We will write a custom essay sample on Debit Logic and Risk specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Debit Logic and Risk specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Debit Logic and Risk specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer (Preparing a business case) The correct method of taking any loan is to provide the requirement of loan as a business case. The case for the particular item has to be supported by the duration, scale and complexity of the proposal. Generally the purchases will be divided into two classes small scale asset purchase and large scale asset purchase. For purchase of small scale assets the loan will be given as a short term debt. Of course for the asset to be viewed as a small scale asset, the turnover of the hospital has to be large enough. The documentation that will be required will have to include details of the expected increases in terms of turnover and the additional benefits that can be provided by the hospital; descriptions of the uncertainties and other risks that are associated with the proposed investment; proof to show that the purchase of the item is in line with the general objectives that the hospital is supposed to do as per its objectives and goals; in applicable cases it should also show that the purchase is in line with the stated objectives of the government and its plans; details of income, expenditure and cash flow for the areas of the hospital that will be changed through the equipment and the differences from the flows that would have existed otherwise; when cash flows are given there should be clear provision for the repayment for the item being purchased; the financial rationale for purchase as worked out through a complete cost benefit analysis and this analysis should also indicate the non-fi nancial benefits to the hospital and the society as a whole; and finally the signed approval of the Chief Executive Officer. (Preparing a business case) Sometimes the asset will be of a bigger size in relation to the hospital and this will require a more detailed analysis. Then it will require an analysis of all the activities of the organization and this also has to be presented. These details should consist of the purpose that the fund will be used for and the expected results; estimates of cost and revenue for both the purchase and changed position of the organization due to the asset in the organization; proof of the present financial position of the organization with operating results, cash reserves and existing debt; a comprehensive risk analysis which should include the effects of variation in interest rates, variations in demand that may occur, or risks of delay in setting up the facility; the proof of a link to the stated aims of the organization, the plans for the medical services in the region, the business plans of the organization; for capital assets there should be evident proofs of links to the master plan of the organization, development plans and master plans; an analysis of the options available in terms of long, medium or short term loans, combinations of equity, reserves, client contributions together with fund raising, and even lease optio ns; and a projected annual cash flow of the organization in terms of source of funds, activity and program as also types of payments and receipts. The logic for the financing of the project should have options for short term financing with a loan of five years or less, as also for long term financing. The method of financing should have cost benefit analysis in terms of both financial and other benefits to the organization or the community and the government. In this case the definition of long term financing is for projects with durations longer than five years, or for funds more than $4 million, or a complex borrowing with loans being taken of different types. The methods for repayment should be accompanied by the concerned cash flows and expected balance sheets for the period. Finally this type of a proposal also has to be signed by the Chief Executive Officer. Well the details are quite confusing for a non-finance person, and may be summed up by saying that it should be based on solid evidence, the amount required has to be justified, the method chosen should be proven to be the best that is available and confirm that the financial strategies that are proposed are the best for the organization. (Preparing a business case) The risks for the hospitals on purchase of assets or development of any sort are quite high today. This is leading hospitals to find out developers to take charge of the entire project and the concerned equipment in 9 out of ten cases. The situation was different earlier when only one in ten of hospitals went this route. In todays situation hospitals are not willing to take the risks themselves. The developers are being called on to develop important outpatient health care centers within the grounds of the hospitals. There may also be doctors in partnership with the incoming developers. The main advantage of this strategy is that it permits the hospital to build up an alternative stream for collection of revenue. This is important as community hospitals have their own limitations in terms of revenue that they get and the liabilities that they have. In one case, a hospital wanted to build up facilities for treatment of cancer, and this required a new building, new physicians, and new equipment. (Developer-Owned Projects Help Hospitals Meet Capital Demands) This made the hospital turn to some financing groups and they took up the project with the construction of a 70,000 square foot three story medical building with a cancer center. Due to financial constraints the hospital wanted to own only the cancer care facility on the second floor with an area of 24,600 square foot and the parking garage. It did not want to own the physicians office spaces on the lower levels. Along with the expert it was decided that two condominium structures be built with one for the cancer center and the other for the physicians. The bank took the responsibility for the one they needed and left the other to the other group as this also gave the benefits in terms of tax to both the groups. When discussions are held with banks, it is possible for banks to advise the hospitals as to how the investment can be planned to achieve the goals of the hospital through creative financial methods for executing the mission. (Developer-Owned Projects Help Hospitals Meet Capital Demands) Bibliography : Considering Alternatives to Bankruptcy Retrieved from http://www. dummies. com/WileyCDA/DummiesArticle/id-1780,subcat-PERSONAL. html Accessed on 25 June, 2005 Huber, Matthew T. Developer-Owned Projects Help Hospitals Meet Capital Demands Retrieved from http://www. cnybj. com/hcpart_fullstory. cfm? article_id=2490return=stay Accessed on 25 June, 2005 Preparing a business case Retrieved from http://www. health. vic. gov. au/borrowing/case. htm Accessed on 25 June, 2005

Central bank Essays - Economy, Currency, Eurozone, Monetary Policy

Central bank Essays - Economy, Currency, Eurozone, Monetary Policy central bank is not a regular bank; it is a government agency, and it stands at the cen- ter of a country's monetary and nancial system. they have helped to guide the develop- ment of modern nancial and monetary systems and they play a major role in economic policy. virtually all countries have central banks: the Federal Reserve in the United States, the Bank of Japan, the Bank of Canada, and so on . currency union, where a number of countries collectively share a central bank. By far the most important example of that is the European Central Bank, which is the central bank for seventeen European countries that share the euro as their common currency . each of the participating countries does have its own central bank, which is part of the overall system of the euro. What do central banks do achieve macroeconomic stability. By that I mean achiev- ing stable growth in the economy, avoiding big swingsrecessions and the likeand keeping in ation low and stable keep the nancial system working normally try to either pre- vent or mitigate nancial panics or nancial crises What are the tools that central banks use to achieve these two

Explain why contemporary cities are increasingly keen to develop their Essay

Explain why contemporary cities are increasingly keen to develop their roles as event hosts and evaluate the potential problems associated with this strategic objective - Essay Example For an event to be able to give a city the recognition it requires, it must be a big one that leaves a mark on the history of the world rather than just being a local event (Musgrave, 2009). As s result, many cities seek and strive to win the chance to host such big events. When a city wins the opportunity to host one of such big events, they stand a chance to benefit in the following ways; As Levy (1997) says, hosting a major event makes it possible for the city to increase its recognition in the global community of cities. Such events attract a lot of coverage by the international media not only during the time of the event but also during the preparation for the events. The preparation of the event can take years and during this time, the city gets coverage by international media such as CNN and this increases its visibility in the international arena. This visibility and recognition is important in many ways. For instance, it attracts a range of people from all over the world, both for short term stay and for long term stay. For short term visitors, this has short term economic benefits because these people have to bring in foreign exchange and also promote a number of businesses in the city. For long term visitors who end up going to stay in the city, the city will benefit from diversification of its population. In a global village, the need for a diversified comm unity in a city has advantages that go beyond economic measures and therefore cannot be measured. Sporting events, apart from increasing the profile of a city can also bring in long term economic benefits through increased foreign direct investments. Investors, if they think that the sporting event will be a good way to launch a business, may want to invest in the city (OECD, 2008). These investments may be such as hotels and other investments that the investors from outside the city may feel that the sporting event will crop up investments opportunities for. Apart from foreign

Human resources labor relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human resources labor relations - Essay Example In other words trade unions are more powerful than the employers at present which is not good for the market. In a heavily competitive and extremely globalised market, trade unions may reduce the competitive power of the organizations. Majority of the organizations in the current world are functioning in a democratic manner and employees can directly contact their managers for establishing their rights. It is better to form a body, consisting of the representatives from both the employer and the employees to settle the employment disputes. One big union approach is definitely better than multi-union approach. The exploitation of the employees by union leaders will be reduced considerably when single union approach implemented. Majority of the trade union problems occur because of the trade union leader’s egoism. If more unions are present in an organization, each union may put different unacceptable and illogical demands to the employer to catch the attention of the employees. One of the major disadvantages of one big union concept is the possibility of more disputes inside the union because of the differences in the political beliefs of the members. In multi-union approach, members of each union may have same political ideology and therefore internal conflicts would be

A & P Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A & P - Essay Example While it is logical that we need to conform to modernity and all its package, Sammy is one young man whose attitude towards fashion is still backward. The ladies are dressed fashionably in conformation with the modern trend. On the contrary, Sammys attitude towards their kind of dressing considers them an embarrassment. Sammy finds this kind of dressing to be appropriate only when people visit the beach: "You know, its one thing a girl in a bathing suit down on the beach†¦" (2). Well, it is true that people used to put on decently in cloths that covered all their body-part long ago due to tradition. However, modernity has come with fashion and society has been forced to embrace this change. Sammy, and some few young men like him are still living in the past and do not want to accept the change. Sammys actions seem very immature for his age. It is not normal in the modern world to find a young man destructed just by the way of dressing of young ladies. Young ladies in the modern society are known to dress fashionably, especially when they go for outing, date and even just strolling around. On the contrary, Sammy shows immaturity when he gets destructed by these ladies to an extent that he even forgets his duties and almost drops the jar on his hand: "The jar went heavy in my hands. Really, I thought that was so cute" (3). Sammy is a clear example of those conservative, old fashioned and traditionally young men who only knows that money should be carried on ones hands. The author shows how amazed Sammy is when he saw one of the ladies without any money in her hands and was wondering where the money was going to come from: "Now her hands are empty, not a ring or a bracelet, bare as God made them, and I wonder where the moneys coming from" (3). This left Sammy wondering about where these ladies get their money from. It is only traditional to

Yakult Marketing Plan

Yakult Marketing Plan INTRODUCTION: History of Yakult Yakult Honsha Ltd. was founded in 1930 by Dr. Shirota. For over the past 75 years, the company has expertise in the field of beneficial bacteria. The main activity of Yakult is to introduce a wide range of healthy foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. In 1930, Dr. Minoru Shirota, who was conducting his research in a microbiology lab at the Medical Faculty of Kyoto University in Japan, became the first person in the world to create a strain of lactic acid bacteria beneficial to human health. This bacterium was named after Dr.Shirota Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain (Our History, 2010). In Malaysia, Yakult is still a young and growing company. Yakult Ace was only launched in Malaysia in 2004. Yakult (Malaysia) Sdn.Bhd. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Yakult Honsha, Japan (Yakult-Malaysia, 2010). Vision Yakult’s vision is to push forward with the quest for new possibilities for probiotics in the academic and medical fields. Mission Yakult’s mission is to contribute to the health and happiness of every person throughout the world through the pursuit of excellence in life sciences and the excellence in life sciences and the study of microorganisms. Philosophy SHIROTA-ISM Preventive medicine A healthy intestine leads to a long life A healthy life for all We contribute to the health and happiness of people around the world through the pursuit of excellence in life science in general and our research and experience in microorganisms in particular (Philosophy, 2010). Issues and challenges In the recent years, several major issues and challenges were faced by Yakult. Yakult is facing a shortage of stock to meet the demand of the people around the world. It is reported that there is high stock turnaround (Cruz, 2013). SWOT ANALYSIS: Strengths Dynamic Research Development power Retrieved from the annual report of (â€Å"Global Yakult†Ã¢â‚¬â€ Entering a New Growth Stage, 2013), one of the strengths portrayed by Yakult is its dynamic research and development power. With its 252 medical doctors and scientists, they actively pursue research aimed at applying bacteria effectively in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. The RD Division tails basic research in life science meant at applying and developing basic materials in pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics and other fields. Besides that, Yakult does their research and development at the Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, which is situated in Tokyo, Japan. The aim of this central is to the study is to the use of beneficial bacteria in the promotion of health. Therefore, there are continuous improvements inYakult’s products that can improve consumers’ health for today and in the future. Good distribution channel Another essential strength of Yakult is the unique distribution channel byYakult Ladies. It is a type of delivery service that delivers Yakult cultured milk drinks directly to the consumers’ home through a network of Yakult Ladies. According to managing director Kouichi Nakayama (abhishek_g, 2012), door-to-door sales through the Yakult Lady System are more profitable than supermarkets sales.In Japan, more than 60% of Yakult products are distributed by Yakult Ladies. They deliver door-to-door every day, from rural areas to high-rise buildings in the city. However, in Malaysia, Yakult Ladies is also available in delivering of goods. However, it is only available in certain place such as Klang Valley, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, Penang, Kuantan, Ipoh and few other areas. The best thing is there is no minimum order or delivery charge for the products (Fong, 2007). Weaknesses Less product choice for customers in terms of flavours The first weakness of Yakult is lack choice of flavours. There are only two flavours available which are Yakult Ace and Yakult Ace Light. Unlike its competitors, such as Vitagen and Nutrigen, these two brands come out with products with variety of flavours which will attract more people to buy their products. As Malaysia is a multiracial country, different races of people have different tastes. Thus, Malaysians usually prefer to choose their drinks from a variety of flavours. Storage difficulty Second is storage difficulty. The products are fermented milk drinks which contains active bacteria under low temperature. However, if the temperature increases, the bacteria will eventually become inactive that will turn the taste sour. This is because the bacteria will begin to make lactic acid when the temperature drops (FAQs, 2010). Therefore, refrigerators are necessary. However, consumers who do not own a refrigerator will find it a problem. By the way, it will also lead to a storage difficulty for retailer outlets with little storage capacity as they still have other products brand they need to keep. This will cause an imbalance of stock availability during different time of the outlets. This problem also influences consumers’ purchase intention that does not have a refrigerator. Smaller packaging and higher price compared to competitors Another weakness of Yakult is that the packaging of Yakult is small compared to its competitors. One bottle of Yakult contains 80ml cultured milk drink while competitors such as Vitagen and Nutrigen serve in 125ml per bottle (TK-eShop, 2010). Besides that, according to Yakult, it is fine for consumers to drink more than 80ml of Yakult cultured milk. Therefore, consumers who drink more than one bottle may go for other competitors’ product who sells in larger packaging (FAQs, 2010). Yakult products are sold in a bundle of 5 bottles, which is the same with its strong competitors such as Vitagen and Nutrigen. However, the Yakult cultured milk drink’s price is higher than the competitors, who offer their drinks in bigger bottles too. Opportunities Trends in health concerns Few studies shows that more and more people are concerned about their health problem and health awareness is becoming increasingly important nowadays (Rollins, 2008); (Senterfitt, Long, Shih, Teutsch, 2013). This is an opportunity for Yakult since Yakult has already scientifically proven that their products are good for health. Consumers are turning to dairy products, yogurts and so forth to start their day. In Yakult’s advertisements, the company informs consumers that their products are probiotic drinks which are good for people’s health. This increases health awareness of the people. Besides that, Yakult’s brand recognition also increases among consumers during this process. The creative thinking of Yakult’s advertisement helps in promoting health by emphasizing beneficial bacteria for intestinal balance of consumers which ultimately leads to good health. Increase in number of convenience stores and hypermarkets According to (Wong, 2007), the number of convenience stores and hypermarkets are increasing. It means that Yakult’s distribution channel will also increase. Yakult’s product can be sold in more and different places. Consumers will also find it easier and more convenient to buy Yakult’s product from the hypermarket or convenience stores nearest to them. Threats Intense competition Yakult faces a tough competitive environment in the market. There are similar healthy foods and also probiotic drinks in the market. Yakult’s main competitors are Vitagen and Nutrigen that has strong brand recognition in the Malaysian market. Vitagen is the first cultured milk to be introduced in Malaysia which is also known as the number one cultured milk in Malaysia. As for Nutrigen, it also provides cultured milk which is similar to Yakult and also Vitagen. These competitors have their own competitive advantages compared to Yakult in terms of the flavours they offered which can suit different consumers’ taste with their different flavours available. Low switching cost Besides that, consumers in Malaysia do not incur high switching cost if they choose to switch to other category of healthy foods. Yakult’s price offering is also a threat as they offer in higher prices and also smaller packaging compared to competitors. Consumers who are price sensitive may choose competitors’ product instead of Yakult’s. Thus, Malaysians can switch to another drinks or brands whenever they want if there are substitute products available with lower prices. They can also shop favourably and also choose selectively without sticking to one supplier. Competitors use aggressive marketing technique Yakult’s competitors uses aggressive marketing plan to promote their products such as advertising in traditional media like television advertisement, radio, social network sites and forth, especially Vitagen. With this, competitors are more recognizable to consumers than Yakult. As Yakult does not usually do aggressive advertisements to promote their brand, consumers are more likely to be aware of competitors’ brand than Yakult. Besides that, the marketing plans that are not heavily invested are usually advertisements that are easily duplicated. Decrease in consumer’s purchasing power Millions of middle-class Malaysians are suffering from low consumer spending growth while increasing in state controlled electricity and gasoline costs since 2008 (Koon, 2014). As a result, mid to higher end choices of beverage suffered a decrease on the sales (Consumer spending to slow down in 2014, 2014); (Koon, 2014). The economic downturn has contributed greatly to the slow growth of the purchasing power as Yakult is not a necessity in consumers’ daily life. Yakult is a probiotic drink, where consumers who desire for a better health can consume it continuously and not a necessity for consumers to drink them as a must in order to survive. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS BY USING PORTAL FIVE FORCES a) Threat of new entrance Yakult probiotic beverage falls into a broad and safe market, especially the awareness and concern of people on health are increasing. Probiotic drinks are favourable and popular for consumers and bring a considerable return to the company. This has made the cultured milk market seems attractive to the market, where it attracts many outsiders that tries to enter this industry. However, the capital cost to enter this industry is relative high compared to other beverage industry. As probiotic beverage requires friendly bacteria such as lactobacillus acidophilus that are hard to produce and refine it to produce a drinkable beverage. Potential entrants who wish to enter this industry need to invest heavily on Research and Development as well as pharmaceutical department in order to produce a probiotic beverage. As Yakult has been proven by many professors such as Dr Ko Okumura (Juntendo University, Japan), Dr. Haruji Sawada and others, the credibility of Yakult beverage is high, which result to a high entry barrier for new entrants as well. Furthermore, potential entrants need to make sure they are able to differentiate their product from Yakult in term of higher nutrition or lower price or both. If firms are not able to come out with a better beverage than the existing beverage in market, then there is no point they enter the market as this will deficit the company. In a nutshell, the entry barrier for new entrants to enter this industry is high. Yakult is facing low threat of new entrants. b) Threat of substitute Porter’s threat of substitute definition is the availability of a product that the consumer can purchase instead of the industry’s product with similar benefits. Eventhough Yakult is the pioneer of probictic, substitutes products are still able to replace them. Customers can easily replace Yakult by purchase bottle of probiotic capsule, probiotic powder or probiotic drink. Example of probiotic supplements is Kordel’s Protect probiotic powder, which cost around RM70 for 30 sachs. Yogurt drink and yogurt powder are also substitutesthat can replace Yakult products. The more substitute the products are, the more competitive the industry is. In the long run, Yakult may suffer less profit. In this case, there are few substitute products in market that can replace Yakult products, so they are facing high threat of substitute products. c) Bargaining power of supplier Bargaining power of supplier occurs when buyers are too many but only few suppliers in the market. When it is too costly to change suppliers, the bargaining power of suppliers is relative high. The Yakult Plant in Calamba city, Laguna, is able to produce 1.6 million bottles of Yakult a day. In order for them to produce a bottle of 100ml Yakult Probiotic beverage, they will need few raw materials such as skimmed milk powder, sugar, and dextrose is blend with sterilized water to create a sweet, milky solution. While all these raw materials are not unique or highly differentiated product. Which means Yakult can get them from few suppliers, as there are not only one supplier in the market that supplies sugar, skimmed milk powder and dextrose. The suppliers industry is not dominated by small number of firm, thus the bargaining power of supplier is not harmful for Yakult. Furthermore, Yakult uses backward integration, where they have their own manufacturing factory to produce their probiotic beverage. The main ingredient in the probiotic dairy beverage, liveLactobacillus caseistrain Shirota is carefully cultured and tested in Yakult own laboratory. In other words, Yakult does not rely on outsider to get their main raw material, but they produced it themselves in their own laboratory and factory. In a nut shell, Yakult is immune with the power of supplier, as they having few suppliers instead of rely on one supplier. d) Bargaining Power of Buyers Buyer power is one of the forces that shape the competitive structure of an industry. When the power of buyer is strong, they can pressure the sellers to lower down the prices, improve product quality or better service. In contra, weak bargaining power of buyer will often makes an industry less competitive and increases the profit potential for seller. In this case, Yakult are facing high bargaining power from their buyers. Firstly this is because there are available substitute and large range of probiotic drink in the market that offered similar benefit to the customers, for example Vitagen, Nestle Yogurt drink, and probiotic supplement beverage. Yakult is not the only firm that produce probiotic daily beverage. Customers can easily switch to other product that available in the market, customers switching cost is low. Secondly, customers are price sensitive towards the beverage. If Vitagen probiotic drink is having promotion and the prices are much cheaper than Yakult Ace drink, customer will simply switch to purchasing Nestle yogurt drink. Thirdly, Yakult probiotic daily drink is not highly differentiated and standard. It become a daily basis for some consumer, thus consumer can switch to other brand that provide the same function as Yakult. In a nutshell, the bargaining power for Yakult buyer is relatively high. e) Threat of rivalry The intensity of rivalry among competitors in an industry refers to the extent to which firms within an industry put pressure on one another and limit each other’s profit potential. High intensity of rivalry means competitors are aggressively targeting each other’s markets and aggressively pricing products. While low intensity of competitive rivalry makes an industry less competitive and increases profit potential for the existing firms. The rivalry in probiotic beverage is minimal. Firstly this is because few competing firms are roughly doing the same size and serving the same amount of customers. Yakult, Vitagen, Nestle are sharing the almost similar market share. Secondly, there are lack of product differentiation for the existing brand in the market, Yakult, Vitagen, Nestle are offer the almost similar probiotic daily beverage in the market. This three probiotic beverage different in some ways but they do share the similar characteristic as well, which are help strengthen immune system and smoother the digestive system. Thirdly, customer brandloyalty is not significant, customer who consume Vitagen beverage might switch to consume Yakult on some day, and same goes to consumer for Yakult. In a nutshell, the threat of rivalry is minimal for Yakult Company. REFERENCES abhishek_g. (12 June, 2012). Yakult. Retrieved 17 June, 2014, from Slide Share: http://www.slideshare.net/abhishek_g/yakult-13298536 Consumer spending to slow down in 2014. (9 January, 2014). Retrieved 26 June, 2014, from The Sun Daily: http://www.thesundaily.my/news/925542 Cruz, H. (13 January, 2013). Vision, Mission, Objectives, Goals, Prob. its Background. Retrieved 30 June, 2014, from Prezi: http://prezi.com/mvkfvph4nkz0/vision-mission-objectives-goals-prob-its-background/ FAQs. (2010). Retrieved 15 June, 2014, from Yakult: http://www.yakult.com.my/html/faqs.html Honsha, Y. (2013). â€Å"Global Yakult†Ã¢â‚¬â€ Entering a New Growth Stage. Japan. Koon, C. P. (7 January, 2014). Malaysians Seen Curbing Spending as Living Costs Surge: Economy. Retrieved 26 June, 2014, from Bloomberg: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-01-07/malaysians-seen-curbing-spending-as-living-costs-surge-economy.html Philosophy. (2010). Out Philosophy. Retrieved 10 June, 2014, from Yakult: http://www.yakult.com.my/html/our_philosophy.html Rollins, C. (16 December, 2008). RAISING HEALTH CONSCIOUSNESS UTILIZING â€Å"UNNATURAL CAUSES† SERIES AS STIMULUS . Retrieved 30 June, 2014, from https://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-121808-155128/unrestricted/Chris_Rollins_Health_IQP_Final_v3.pdf Senterfitt, J. W., Long, A., Shih, M., Teutsch, S. M. (January, 2013). How Social and Economic factors affect health. Retrieved 26 June, 2014, from Social Determinants of Health: http://www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/epi/docs/SocialD_Final_Web.pdf TK-eShop. (2010). Cultured Milk Drink. Retrieved 30 June, 2014, from tk-eshop: http://www.tk-eshop.com/about-us/articles/articles/vitagen-nutrigen-yakult Wong, L. C. (2007). Development of Malaysia’s Agricultural Sector: Agriculture as an Engine of Growth? Retrieved 28 June, 2014, from ISIS.org.my: http://isis.org.my/attachments/386_Territorial_Disputes_in_East Asia.pdf Yakult. (2014). Profile. Retrieved 13 June, 2014, from Yakult: http://www.yakult.co.jp/english/ir/management/profile.html Yakult-Malaysia. (2010). Yakult Malaysia General. Retrieved 23 June, 2014, from Yakult: http://www.yakult.com.my/html/yakult_my_general.html

The Dominance of Biomedicine and Challenges to its Discourse Essay

Contemporary approaches in understanding health, illness and its treatment largely differ from the traditional way of treating people’s health conditions. For instance, before the â€Å"Age of Reason† beliefs about vindictive spirits, evil and divine intervention, and practices of sorcery and witchcraft were widely held (Porter 1997 as cited in Williams, 2003). Another example is the practice of Greek medicine; a more naturalistic approach used by the practitioner to tune the body through humoral theories of balance and lifestyle modification. Similarly, during this age, the combination of physical, emotional, and spiritual factors contributed to the development of the â€Å"sick man† (Williams, 2003). These medical teachings were authoritative until the eighteenth century. However, towards the nineteenth century, numerous discoveries such as Vesalius’ anatomical atlas and Harvey’s process of blood circulation challenged mainstream medicine, which p aved the way for the rise of a newer and more systematic form of medicine (Williams, 2003, p. 11), marking the growth and supremacy of scientific medicine. The evolution of scientific medicine is well documented in several literature (Gabe, Keheller, & Williams, 1994; Longino, 1998; Marcum, 2008; Morris, 2000; Quirke & Gaudilliere, 2008; Williams, 2003). A progressive shift from preference of either licensed or unlicensed healers to the legitimization of the medical profession and medicalisation of natural life experiences had occurred (Gabe, et al., 1994). With this, scientific medicine, commonly known as biomedicine, continued to dominate the discourse of health and illness from the end of the 18th century up to the present (Williams, 2003). Despite this perceived supremacy, scientific medicine... ...s of thi sTrial Apply? The Lancet, 365(9453), 82-93. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17670-8 Thorpe, R. D. (2008). Integrating biomedical and CAM approaches: The experiences of people living with HIV/AIDS. Health Sociology Review, 17(4), 410-418. Tonelli, M. R., & Callahan, T. C. (2001). Why Alternative Medicine Cannot be Evidenced-Based. Academic Medicine, 76(12), 1213-1220. Torgerson, D. J. (2003). Avoiding Bias in Randomised Controlled Trials in Educational Research. British Journal of Educational Studies, 51(1), 36-45. Williams, S. J. (2003). Medicine and the body. London: SAGE publications Ltd. Xue, C. C. L., Zhang, A. L., Lin, V., Costa, C. D., & Story, D. F. (2007). Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Australia: A National Population-Based Survey. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 13(6), 643-650. doi: 10.1089/acm.2006.6355.

Into the Wild Book Analysis

He wanted to escape the sick society he thought he was living in, liberated from judgment, control, parents and material excess. In order to complete his new life transformation Chris gave himself a new name, Alexander Superstar. It appeared as though he had created this alter ego to help him reach his destination, Alaska. During his odyssey everyone who came in contact with knew him by â€Å"Alex. † In Chris Mishandles Journey throughout America he came across people who helped him along the way.While hitchhiking up the cost on US Highway 101, Chris was kicked up by a couple, Jane and her boyfriend Bob. They traveled around the West selling knick-knack at flea markets and swap meets. Both grew very fond of him and provided him with shelter. Jane was very concern that a young man was in a dangerous world and when asked if his parents knew where he was, he was given no response. I believe Jane was genuinely concern because she had a son which she didn't know his whereabouts. I was unfortunate to experience the unknown when a love one goes missing. It's extremely emotionally draining.Your mind goes wild and ills with countless bad thoughts of what could or has happened. I was going crazy for my missing dog I can't imagine being unable to find a son. It saddened me that he never reached out to his parents. Throughout the story I was waiting for him to call at least his sister whom he was very closed to. I wasn't sure if he was rebelling and anger against his parents or he was Just selfish, inconsiderate, ungrateful, insensitive young man. While haltingly back up to the Baja, Chris was picked up by an eighty two year old man by the name of Ronald Franz.Mr.. Franz was a religious, lonely old man whose wife and only son were ripped away from him by a drunk driver. The old man was growing much attached to Chris, up to the point of wanting to adapt him as his grandson. The old man though that Chris was a lost soul and wanted to pursue him to get an education. To the old mans surprise, according to Mr.. Franz, Chris told him, â€Å"you don't need to worry about me. I have a college education. I'm not destitute. I'm living like this by choice. † Jon Krause, Into The Wild, page] Chrism's passion to go toAlaska and experience the wild meant more to Chris than commodities. Chris gave, what I thought was bad advice to Mr.. France. Chris believed that the core of a man spirit came from new experiences. Chris advised an eight two old man to sell his home and live on the road. The old man did Just that, he sold his home and lived In his truck park where Chris once lived. The old man waited for Chris to return for months Trot Alas Aka out to Nils surprise, a transit en palace up tool ml Tanat snarls Ana expired. The old man was much divested that at that moment he renounced his elisions beliefs.Mr.. Franz stated, â€Å"l decided I couldn't believe in a God who would let something that terrible happen to a boy like Alex. † , Jon Krause, Into The Wild, page] Once spring came around Chris decided continue his Journey to Alaska. In April 1992 Chris, not well equipped, headed down the Stampede Trail in Alaska. He began his odyssey with only ten pounds of rice, a . 22 rifle, a camera, several boxes of rifle rounds, and some reading material. He declined to take the most essential tools for survival in the wilderness; such as, a map and a compass.In the wild he got to spend time with nature, he ran with the wild horses, hunting for food, he was one with nature away from society. Chris, Just like one of his favorite writer Leo Tolstoy, abandons a life of comfort and privilege to wander among the underprivileged. In the wild he discovered himself and realized that happiness is only real when shared. After two months in the woods of Alaska, Chris felt satisfied with what he had accomplished and experienced he was ready to return to civilization. Unfortunately, Chris found himself trapped in the wild.His only exit was cross ing the Testimonial River Chris founded impossible crossing it. For a while Chris survived feeding on squires, birds and wild berries. According to Chris Journals on day 100 in the wild he was exited he had survived another day. He's food supply was extinct, as of result, he was dying of starvation. It's ironic that Chris was excited and all he though about going to Alaska and he was trapped and eventually reached his death. Poor Chris, I can't even imagine the mental and physical agony he suffered before he expired. Chris story was sad and heartbreaking.

Language Learning Essays

Language Learning Essays Language Learning Essay Language Learning Essay Throughout time there have been many different ways of teaching foreign languages. Some of these methods work better than others, depending on the language Itself and the student learning it. There are ten different styles of teaching foreign languages which will be described In detail. After the ten styles are Caesar EAI D , tender will De a snort entry on wanly ones are most popular today. Humanly three different learning strategies will be described. Learning Methods The Grammar Translation Method The Grammar Translation Method utilizes the student memorizing different grammar, vocabulary, and phrases. This method focuses on grammatical rules. This is also considered the Classical Method. The Grammar Translation Method was invented when the western world wanted to learn Latin and Greek. The Grammar Translation Method depends a lot on reading texts. Through reading texts, the student will slowly memorize common phrases and run into uncommon words which they will then memorize. When reading the texts, the students begin a direct translation method. This method focuses very little on ever being able to speak the language, Just how to translate. Today, this method is only used for reading dead engages and is considered impractical by most foreign language teachers. [l] The Direct Method The Direct Method is also known as the Natural Method. This method ignores the language that the learner presently knows and only depends on the language which they will be learning. This method was first established in Germany and France. The concept of this method is that one will learn the language Just like how one learned their first language. [2] The Direct Method focuses more on getting correct speech then correct writing. The Direct Method puts most of its emphasis on the pronunciation of the vocabulary. Do to this fact, being learned like the students first language, text is kept away from the student as long as possible, since one cannot read at that young of an age. As a series of progression first comes orally learning, then reading text, then learning how to write the text. [3] The Audio-Lingual Method There are two other names for this method, Army Method (Due to its use in armies, when language is needed to be learned quickly) and New Key. This is a very behaviorism method of teaching. This method depends on a system of reinforcements in order to learn a language. This method is very similar to the Direct Method. This method also does not use the students previously known languages. In this method, the teacher says a phrase and the students repeat it. For example the teacher says, Put your pen on the desk. Students repeat the same thing. Then the teacher says, Pencil. Then the students say Put your pencil on the desk and so on. This method is not taught in schools because of its focus only on speech, and no writing or reading. 4] However, because of the focus on speech and the lack of reading and writing, speech is learned at a faster rate. A good example which this method would e beneficial for is if someone is traveling for business or leisure; due to quick learning AT speech Ana to no Touch on writing or rearing Communicative Language Teaching The Communicative Language Teaching style puts its emphasis on interaction within the language. The Communicative Lang uage Teaching style makes the student understand the language. This differs from Just teaching them how to speak and hear it. When something is read or heard, there is full comprehension of the concepts. This style wants the student to be able to perfectly communicate in all ways. This includes being competent in society. This style differs from others because it is not Just specific to speech, reading, writing, or translating. This style focuses on all of those factors in order to fully understand the language. A few examples of activities used in teaching this way are role play, games, work with a partner, and learning by teaching (see topic below). In schools, there is also regular quizzing and testing done by the teacher. 5] Language Immersion Language Immersion first occurred in Canada when English speaking families wanted their children to learn French. [6] The concept of Language Immersion is elated to the concept, If one puts someone in the middle of a pool, they will eventually learn to swim. If one puts a person in a community who speaks a certain language, the language will be learned. There are five different types of Language Immersion. The first is a full immersion. This is when the students class time is completely spent in the foreign language, with none of the original language is spoken. In this method, students slowly pick up the language, but then accelerate quickly. Next is the partial immersion. This is when half of the class time is spent in the foreign language. The students will try to understand and speak as much of the foreign language as possible, but will revert back to their native language if something is unclear. Third is two-way immersion. This is also known as dual or bilingual immersion. This is in a classroom with people who have many different language backgrounds. There is the target language, the one which is wanted to be learned, and the native language, the one which is spoke to most in the area. Then it turns into partial where half the class is the target language and the other half is the language which is mostly spoke in the area. Fourth is content-based foreign language in elementary schools. Due to the long name it is shortened to FLEES. Only 5% to 15% of the class is done speaking the foreign language. The rest of the class is learning the language. Learning consists of listening, speaking, writing, and reading the target language. Fifth and finally is FLEX or the foreign language experience. This is a method which does not really deal with physically learning the language but with how to learn a language. The student learns how to pick up common words and phrases. The student also learns to develop listening skills and cultural awareness. Walt all AT tense met noose ten earlier ten student Is exposed to Taster ten student wall pick up a language. This makes the language more native to the student if the student were to learn it when they were in elementary school rather to college or even out of college for a business venture. Minimal This method is used for teaching people English as a foreign language. The focus of this is what exactly what the name says, to teach the learner the minimal. Students learn how to say common phrases, ask basic questions, answers, and anything else which is needed to communicated in the most minimal sense. The only reading which takes place is the most basic possible, like childrens books. Blended learning is used in this method too. Such as an online class or computer programs helping the student to learn. Directed Practice Direct practice is one of the most basic learning methods. All that is done is the students memorizing common phrases. This is the absolute bare minimum to get around in a country which the persons native language is not spoken. This method is used by the US for diplomatic trips. Learning is very quick, but the resulting knowledge is limited. Learning by Teaching Learning by teaching was first used in Germany. The student trades places with the teacher, making the student teach the class. Students tend to learn quickly due to the stress put on them. This method is solely used by itself but is more likely to be used in combination with any of the previous methods. Silent Way In the sasss, known for his great innovation in teaching styles, Caleb Gotten, invented the silent way. The silent way is known as the most humanistic approach to teaching. It is called the silent way because the teacher participates as little as possible, even leaving the room at points for the students to experiment using the language on their own terms. It is associated with color word charts, where each phoneme is a different color. [7] See Appendix A for a wall chart example. Other Methods One of the most up-and-coming ways of learning is through sources outside of a class room. This is not book. This is audio and video learning. Recently there has an outburst of audio learning collections, video learning collections, and even computer programs. One of the most popular audio learning series is the Pimples Language Learning system. Plusher was a world renowned expert In linguistic. I Nils serious contains many different languages for the student to choose from. The audio sets are divided up into several different thirty minuet lessons. There is a strong focus on core vocabulary. This method involves much listening, repeating, and recall. This method uses a gradual recall method making the recall time of words and phrases from seconds to minutes to hours to days to months to years. [8] Another up and coming way of learning is the Michel Thomas Method. Michel Thomas has been hired by many Hollywood stars to teach them how to speak a certain language for a movie. This method is used both in class room and with an audio compact disk set. Students translate English sentences into the target engage, starting with simple phrases and progressing to complex sentences. A well known exercise in this program is when the student is asked to give an answer to a question in the foreign language, and then the teacher repeats the whole answer with correct pronunciation. If the student was wrong, the teacher helps the student to make the mistake and corrects it. This CD set breaks grammar into smaller sections that most others. The final miscellaneous way of learning is over a computer program, or audio/ visual. The most popular up-and-coming version is the Rosetta Stone. Besides being available on CD-ROOM, Rosetta Stone also offers online courses for sale by monthly periods. Rosetta Stone boasts software sets of 30 different languages. The concept Rosetta Stone uses is a Dynamic Immersion Method. This is comparable to the Immersion Methods described above. Many different lessons are covered including lessons on colors, letters, numbers, verbs, money, and many more. In every lesson there is listening, reading, and speaking. The program even has speech recognition technology, to see if what the student is saying is correct. Rosetta Stone has earned many awards including best CD-Rooms Used in School, Best CD-ROOM for Language earning and Best Software in Second Language. [9] Most schools will use a combination of multiple styles in order to achieve the optimum level of learning. However three are the most popular, these are: Communicative Language Teaching, the Direct Method, and Language Immersion. The first two are usually used in class rooms and the third is usually used when a new language is needed to be learned at a young age. Finally, the most effective up- and-coming program is the Rosetta Stone software. Rosetta Stone complies the most effective ways of learning into one, creating the ultimate learning program, until omen invents a new one of course. Learning Strategies There are three different learning strategies which are proven to help improve ones ability to learn a language. These strategies include code switching, blending learning, and private tutoring. Owe selecting Code switching is when the speaker is speaking the foreign language but reverts back to their native language at a point. This happens because they are not fluent in the foreign language. This encourages the speaker to become more fluent in the language being learned. People who speak English are more common to fall into a ode switch, due to English popularity in the world. Most people in the world will understand simple phrases in English. This still allows the speaker to attempt to speak fluently, and the listener to understand everything which is being said, even though it is not all in the target language. 10] Blending Learning Blended learning consists of combining class time with an outside program, such as Rosetta Stone. It can also consist of an online class, where the class meets a certain amount of times though out the program. The class can meet at the end of chapters, lessons, or whatever the teacher desires. The meetings can consist of more learning, student questions, or quizzes and tests. This learning strategy provides learners who wish to have class time, but do not necessarily have the time to meet multiple times a week. It also combines the best of both world, being in class learning and the audio/visual learning though a computer or video. [11] Private Tutoring Private tutoring is always an effective way to learn anything. With a private tutor, the students gets a teacher devoted to Just themselves not an entire class. In the sense of a private tutor teaching a foreign language, a person who is native to the entry/language is preferred. Besides them Just being able to teach how to read, write, and speak a language, they will also teach the student about the society in that country on a personal account. The downfall to private tutoring is the price. Pricing for a private class is always much higher than taking a class on the language. However, the learner is paying a price for a specialized lesson based on the learners learning style. Conclusion As seen, there are many different ways which styles can be taught, and different strategies which will help with perfection. The style chosen is dependent on the dents learning style, and how in depth they want to learn the language. Do they wish to Just learn the language, or learn the culture behind it too?

Suzy Bishops Books in Wes Andersons Moonrise Kingdom

Suzy Bishop's Books in Wes Anderson's Moonrise Kingdom Wes Andersons  Moonrise Kingdom  is a story about young love that was written by Anderson and Roman Coppola. Filmed in Rhode Island in 2011, the film was released in 2012 to critical acclaim and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, as well as for the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy.    In the movie, Sam, a Khaki Scout at camp on the island of New Penzance, runs away with a local girl, 12-year-old Suzy Bishop, who shows up at their appointed meeting place with her kitten, her brothers portable record player and a suitcase filled with books. While the books are a creative film prop, they are essential to understanding Suzys character and its fantastic that she reads them to Sam throughout their adventure. Suzy Bishops Books The six fictitious  books that Suzy packed in her suitcase were stolen from her public library and included  Shelly and the Secret Universe, The Francine Odysseys, The Girl from Jupiter, Disappearance of the 6th Grade, The Light of Seven Matchsticks and The Return of Auntie Lorraine. You can learn more about them and listen to Suzy reading from them in this animated short. According to the producer of the film, the animated shorts were originally going to be part of the movie. Artists were hired to design the covers of the books as well, which are prominently displayed in the film. After giving it further thought, Anderson decided to shoot the characters faces as they read excerpts from the  books rather than show the animated shorts. The end result displays more of the character development and leaves some interpretation to the viewers imagination while allowing for snippets of a story within a story.   Although the books are quite charming - both in their creative conception and in the film - they are not real. Anderson wrote only the excerpts that are read aloud in the film. Pertaining to Suzys character development, the titles of the books loosely adhere to the overall plotline of the movie. From Suzy and Sams secret universe that theyve built for themselves, their odysseys, Suzys dark internal world, to returning back home, Suzys books offer an imaginative outlet for their summer adventure. Books in Wes Anderson Movies Books have played a key role in many of Wes Andersons movies. Take for example  The Royal Tenenbaums, which itself was entirely framed as a book. The viewer sees the book checked out of the library at the movies beginning and shots of the chapter pages throughout the movie. No fewer than four characters in The Royal Tenenbaums are professional writers.   Anderson takes great care to create and establish realistic details in his movies, whether it be books, maps or cities. This thorough attention to detail is a key element of the movie-goers experience, allowing viewers to feel as if theyve just stumbled upon an entirely new universe.

Happiness and Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Happiness and Religion - Essay Example This study discusses that the happiness of individuals can range from their religious background, activities, culture and aspects of life.   Religious groups have a belief that their happiness comes from the relationship between them and their God. The theory of happiness attempts to explain the ultimate reason for humankind existence is happiness. â€Å"happiness is this feeling of existence".This quote reveals how happiness is a major determinant of the future of human kind.From this paper it is clear that human kind happiness is affected by many other factors that revolve around him. Psychological happiness can be determined by three components. Happiness can be due to genetic factors, circumstances, and activities. A large percentage of the human beings happiness is due to genetic factors where some of the individuals are joyful than others. Some individuals are born as good comedians, which reveal their state of mind as positive or jovial. Demographic factors like age, gender , culture and geographic factors affect the happiness of individuals. Happiness can be affected by age where you find children are happy than their parents. Responsibilities as parents affect the happiness comparing to children who do not even realize the meaning of responsibilities. The activities that individuals involve themselves in also determine of their state of their minds. According to psychologists, individual careers can affect their happiness since some of the careers tend to be stressful.... Islam’s belief that as believers who love their God Allah and have faith in Him should be contented with his verdict (Gulla, 84). All Gods commandments according to Muslims focus on bringing happiness to believers. The Muslims belief that there is nothing too big or small that is not clearly covered in the Islam teachings. Islamic religion is said to be the complete way of life. The Quran teaches individuals to be optimists in life, always be at peace, rejoice and be joyful in all aspects of life (Chittister, 24). Religions have specific holy days, which are the most important days in their religious life. Christians have Christmas, Good Friday, and Easter Monday as their hold days. These specific days are happy moments for all Christians worldwide. Muslims also have their Eid ul fitr as their holy day. The religious groups use these special days to make peace with God and seek for spiritual guidance. They believe that making peace with God is a path to inner happiness, which in turn lead to success. According to the holy books teachings marriage is considered as holy union. The holy books are used to educate couples on their biblical roles of husband and wife. The Bible teaches us on the secrets of happy marriage. In addition, Christian’s couples who follow the holy book teachings and guidance are assured that they in the path of success. In real life, the non-religious are not welcome in religious countries and are believed to be perpetrators of evil deeds. On the other hand, in the non-religious countries all individuals regardless of their religious background they are welcome. Religious individuals are believed to have a happy life than the non-believers since they have no

UAE Free Trade Zones Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

UAE Free Trade Zones - Research Paper Example They advance fiscal improvement by drawing investment and creating employment and overseas exchange income. Without a doubt, the zone conception is so dominant, that to a greater extent nations are distinguishing a novel exemplar of Free Zones. Whilst the old Free Zone was time and again illustrated as stationary, labor-demanding, motivation driven, the novel zone model is a dynamic investment demanding, one that is administration driven, facilitating an incorporated fiscal development device. In the UAE, the initial Free Zone at Jebel Ali came into being in 1985 and made available intercontinental businesses and firms a focus, which linked the East and the West and stretched out the prospects of their maneuvers (UAE Government, 2008). Nowadays there are over 24 Free Zones in the UAE offering first-rate amenities and communications for carrying out business and most significantly are industry detailed in nature. Abu Dhabi Airport Free Zone The Airports Company of Abu Dhabi is setting up Abu Dhabi Airport Free Zone also referred to as ADAFZ. It is a commerce and logistics park, to be functioned as a free zone (UNDP, 2002).With Abu Dhabi having the largest population in the UAE, as shown in the chart below, it becomes suitable for setting up of the Free Trade Zone. Figure 1: UAE population figures by the Emirates Source: http://adafz.ae/images/adafza-brochure.pdf Every justifiable logistics actions apart from banking are permissible in the park, conditional on the observance to the surroundings, health and safety necessities. As the park is located near the suburban region, all actions ought to be friendly to the environment. An investor ought to encompass a let out amenity to acquire the license to work from the park. There are straightforward and proficient measures for handling of cargo and authorization. ADAFZ is working together closely with Ports Company of Abu Dhabi for haulage of commodities from the park. There are no explicit restrictions of labor. Howe ver, the visa will be given out founded on the approval of the government. Once the imbursement is completed in conjunction with the obligatory credentials, the registration will take just two days of work. Corporations can let out offices, plots of land or Industry of Light Units founded on accessibility. A corporation can contain multiple amenities (Kemp, 2002). All services are priced as per usage by the confined giver. Numerous business sectors are being persuaded, a number of them being, Logistics, cargo & freight, Aviation & aerospace Electronics, Computers, internet and IT Electrical, Consultancy and business development, medical equipment, Telecom, express transportation, and pharmaceuticals. ADAFZ offers three sorts of commerce licenses; license of trade, license of service and an industrial license (Mustafa, 2002). FTZ1-Positive Contributions to the UAE This trade park provides the clientele with a dynamic overcrowding, an environment that is free. They proffer rapid and p roficient clearance cargo services. Entry to the apron of the airport in addition to global shipment forward, and agencies of cargo clearance is readily obtainable. Onsite inspection amenity of cargos is given. ADAFZ offers all inclusive shop resolution for every investor necessities and overhauls (UNDP, 2003). The amenities can be obtained daily with online client support scheme. A variety of services such as commerce registration, certification, letting, member of staff